Moral Papers (Definition of Morals, Concepts of Morals, and Urgency of Morals in Life)
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Background
The history of religion shows that the happiness to be achieved by carrying out the religious shari'ah can only be accomplished with good morals. Belief that is only in the form of knowledge about the oneness of God, worship that is carried out only as a mere formality, muamalah which is only a regulation contained in the book, all of that is not a guarantee for achieving that happiness. The emergence of moral awareness and human stance towards Him is the basis that determines the pattern of human life. Morals, or morals, or morals are patterns of action based on the absolute value of goodness. Living morally and every moral act is the right answer to moral awareness, on the other hand immoral life and every violation of morality is against that consciousness. Moral awareness is human awareness of himself, where humans see or feel themselves as dealing with good and bad. That is where the difference between halal and haram, right and wrong, permissible and not permissible, even though he can do it. That's a special human thing. In the animal world there is nothing that is good or bad or inappropriate, because only humans understand themselves, only humans as subjects realize that they are dealing with their actions, before, during and after the work is done. So that as a subject who experiences his actions he can be held accountable for his actions. That is where the difference between halal and haram, right and wrong, permissible and not permissible, even though he can do it. That's a special human thing. In the animal world there is nothing that is good or bad or inappropriate, because only humans understand themselves, only humans as subjects realize that they are dealing with their actions, before, during and after the work is done. So that as a subject who experiences his actions he can be held accountable for his actions. That is where the difference between halal and haram, right and wrong, permissible and not permissible, even though he can do it. That's a special human thing. In the animal world there is nothing that is good or bad or inappropriate, because only humans understand themselves, only humans as subjects realize that they are dealing with their actions, before, during and after the work is done. So that as a subject who experiences his actions he can be held accountable for his actions. only man as a subject realizes that he is dealing with his actions, before, during and after the work is done. So that as a subject who experiences his actions he can be held accountable for his actions. only man as a subject realizes that he is dealing with his actions, before, during and after the work is done. So that as a subject who experiences his actions he can be held accountable for his actions.
Formulation of the problem
What is the meaning of morality?
What is the concept of morality in life?
What is the urgency of morality in life?
C. Purpose
The purpose of writing this paper is as follows:
To know the meaning of morality
To know the concept of morality in life
To know the urgency of morality in everyday life
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CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
Definition of Morals
[1]The word "akhlak" (akhlaq) comes from Arabic, which is the plural form of "khuluq" which according to language means character, temperament, behavior, or character. This word contains an aspect of conformity with the word "khalq" which means incident. Ibn 'Athir explained that khuluq is a picture of the real human mind (namely the soul and inner qualities), while khalq is a picture of his physical form (face, skin color, height, low body, and so on). The word khuluq as the singular form of morality, is contained in the Qur'an surah Al-Qalam (68): 4, which means: "Indeed you (Muhammad) are above great character." We can also find the word morality in a very popular narrated by Imam Malik, which means: "That I (Muhammad) was sent none other than to perfect noble character";. In terms of terminology, there are several definitions of morality put forward by experts. Ahmad Amin defines morality as "a habitual will". Imam Al-Ghazali stated that morals are "characteristics that are embedded in the soul that cause actions easily without the need for thought and consideration". Meanwhile Abdullah Darraz argues that morality is "a force in a steady will that leads to a tendency to choose the right side (good morals) or the evil side (bad morals)". Furthermore, according to Abdullah Darraz, human actions can be considered as a manifestation of his morality, if he fulfills two conditions, namely: There are several definitions of morality put forward by experts. Ahmad Amin defines morality as "a habitual will". Imam Al-Ghazali stated that morals are "characteristics that are embedded in the soul that cause actions easily without the need for thought and consideration". Meanwhile Abdullah Darraz argues that morality is "a force in a steady will that leads to a tendency to choose the right side (good morals) or the evil side (bad morals)". Furthermore, according to Abdullah Darraz, human actions can be considered as a manifestation of his morality, if he fulfills two conditions, namely: There are several definitions of morality put forward by experts. Ahmad Amin defines morality as "a habitual will". Imam Al-Ghazali stated that morals are "characteristics that are embedded in the soul that cause actions easily without the need for thought and consideration". Meanwhile Abdullah Darraz argues that morality is "a force in a steady will that leads to a tendency to choose the right side (good morals) or the evil side (bad morals)". Furthermore, according to Abdullah Darraz, human actions can be considered as a manifestation of his morality, if he fulfills two conditions, namely: Imam Al-Ghazali stated that morals are "characteristics that are embedded in the soul that cause actions easily without the need for thought and consideration". Meanwhile Abdullah Darraz argues that morality is "a force in a steady will that leads to a tendency to choose the right side (good morals) or the evil side (bad morals)". Furthermore, according to Abdullah Darraz, human actions can be considered as a manifestation of his morality, if he fulfills two conditions, namely: Imam Al-Ghazali stated that morals are "characteristics that are embedded in the soul that cause actions easily without the need for thought and consideration". Meanwhile Abdullah Darraz argues that morality is "a force in a steady will that leads to a tendency to choose the right side (good morals) or the evil side (bad morals)". Furthermore, according to Abdullah Darraz, human actions can be considered as a manifestation of his morality, if he fulfills two conditions, namely: Meanwhile Abdullah Darraz argues that morality is "a force in a steady will that leads to a tendency to choose the right side (good morals) or the evil side (bad morals)". Furthermore, according to Abdullah Darraz, human actions can be considered as a manifestation of his morality, if he fulfills two conditions, namely: Meanwhile Abdullah Darraz argues that morality is "a force in a steady will that leads to a tendency to choose the right side (good morals) or the evil side (bad morals)". Furthermore, according to Abdullah Darraz, human actions can be considered as a manifestation of his morality, if he fulfills two conditions, namely:
The deed is done repeatedly in the same form, so that it becomes a habit for the doer.
These actions are carried out because of the impulse of the soul, not because of external pressure, such as coercion that causes fear or persuasion in the hope of getting something.
Besides the term "morals", we also know the terms "ethics" and "moral". The three terms both determine the good and bad values of human attitudes and actions. The difference lies in the standards of each. The standard morals are the Al-Qur'an and Sunnah. applies in society
Ethics
The word ethics comes from the Greek word ethos which means custom. In the dictionary of educational and general terms it is said that ethics is part of philosophy which teaches nobility (good and bad). According to Dr. H. Hamzah ya'qub "ethics is the science that investigates what is good and what is bad by paying attention to human deeds as far as the mind can know." (Asmaran, 1992: 7). Ethics according to Ki Hajar Dewantara "ethics is the study of good and evil in all human life". (Saputra, 2004: 59).
Moral
The word moral comes from the Latin mores, which is the plural of mos, which means custom. In the general Indonesian dictionary it is said that morals are good and bad deeds and words. Moral is a term used to define human activities with good and bad values or laws. The difference between morals and ethics is that ethics is more theoretical, while morals are more practical. Ethics views human behavior in general, while morals are local. . Moral states the size, while ethics explains the size. (Asmaran, 1992: 8-9).
Decency
Decency comes from the word susila which gets the prefix to and the ending an. Susila comes from Sanskrit, namely su and sila. Su which means good, good and sila means basic, principles, rules of life or norms. In the general Indonesian dictionary it is said, susila means polite, civilized, good manners and decency is the same as politeness. The word morality is then used to mean a better rule of life. An immoral person is someone who has good behavior, while an immoral person is someone who has bad behavior.
THE CONCEPT OF ACTIVITIES
From some of the definitions above, it can be concluded that [2]Morals are the character or character of a person, namely the state of the soul that has been trained, so that in the soul there are actually inherent qualities that give birth to actions easily and spontaneously, without thinking about and wishing for it first. This doesn't mean that the act was done accidentally or unwanted. It's just that because it's been done repeatedly so that it has become a habit, the act appears easily without further thought and consideration. Actually morality itself is not an act, but an inner picture (soul) hidden in man. Therefore, it can be said that morals are nafsiyah (something psychological/abstract in nature), while its visible form is in the form of action (mu'amalah) or behavior (suluk) which is a reflection of this morality. Often an act is carried out by chance without any will or intention, and it may also be that the act is carried out only once or several times, or perhaps the act is carried out without any effort (free will) due to pressure or coercion. So the actions mentioned above cannot be categorized as morals. For example, a person cannot be said to have a generous character, if the act of giving his wealth is done only once or twice, or maybe he gave it out of necessity (because of prestige or under pressure) which he really does not want to do.
MORAL URGENCY IN LIFE
Aspects - aspects of Islamic teachings, both aqidah, mu'amalah worship for every Muslim, these three are aspects that are taklifi (obligations) that must be carried out. History proves that all aspects of these teachings cannot be carried out without good morals. From this it can be understood that morals are a very important pillar in Islam. Noble morality is a sign of maturity in faith and is the key to success in life in this world and the hereafter. The Prophet Muhammad as the last Messenger was sent by Allah to carry out the mission of perfecting human morals which had collapsed since the days of the previous prophets. (HR. Ahmad and Baihaqi) Was the Messenger of Allah sent only to improve and perfect morals? Of course not only that, but basically the Shari'a brought by the Apostles leads to the formation of noble morals. Various rituals commanded by Allah through the Prophets and Messengers, in fact many lead to the formation of morals, as in the prayer command as follows: "Read what has been revealed to you, namely the Al-Kitab (Al-Qur'an) and establish prayer. - deeds) abominable and unjust and Verily the remembrance of Allah (prayer) is greater (its priority than other acts of worship). and Allah knows what you do.” (QS Al-Ankabut: 45) The verse clearly states, that the estuary of praying is the formation of a person who is free from cruel and evil attitudes, in essence it is the formation of a human being with noble character, even if we trace the prayer process it always starts with certain requirements, such as cleanliness of the body, clothing and place, by means of bathing and ablution , Prayer is prepared to form a human attitude to always be clean, obedient, order rules, and train someone to be on time. Furthermore, morals can also determine whether a person has faith or not, "by Allah he does not believe, by Allah he does not believe, by Allah he does not believe. The companions asked, who are they, O Messenger of Allah? Rasulullah replied: people who do not keep the ugliness of their neighbors (HR Muslim). This hadith clearly implies that people who have bad manners towards their neighbors are considered by the Prophet to have no faith, so far we may consider our evil deeds to other people or neighbors as something normal, something that will not affect the existence of faith, even though if we know , it turns out that having bad morals has a very big influence on faith. Even the ugliest human being in the sight of Allah on the Day of Resurrection is a human with bad character. "Verily, the ugliest human being in the sight of Allah on the Day of Resurrection is someone who is abandoned by others, because he avoids his ugliness." (Reported by Bukhari). On the other hand, the person who is most loved by the Messenger of Allah is the one with the best morals. "Indeed, the person I love the most, he who is closest to his seat on the Day of Judgment is the person with the best morals." (HR At-Tirmidhi). It turns out that a believer whose faith is perfect is not because of his many acts of worship, but because he has good morals, "the believer with the most perfect faith is the one with the best morals." (Narrated by Abu Dawud). Likewise, people who are pious and have noble morals are guaranteed to enter heaven, "the main cause of human entry to heaven, because they fear God and the glory of their morals." (HR Tirmidhi). In the same way, pious people and good morals are guaranteed to enter heaven," the main reason people enter heaven, because they fear God and the nobility of their morals." (HR Tirmidhi). In the same way, pious people and good morals are guaranteed to enter heaven," the main reason people enter heaven, because they fear God and the nobility of their morals." (HR Tirmidhi).[3] Humans have a tendency to do good and bad. Usually people who are pious will act and behave well and prioritize noble character, good deeds are a form of moral nobility, while good deeds will erase bad deeds. A person's self-reflection is also often described through the behavior or morals shown. Even morals are self-embellishment for a person because people who have morals when compared to people who do not have morals are of course very far apart.
CHAPTER III CLOSING
Conclusion
Morals is the science that determines the boundaries between good and bad, between what is praiseworthy and what is reprehensible, about the words or actions of human beings both physically and mentally. The meaning of morality itself is the existence of a relationship between khaliq and creatures, and between creatures and creatures. We must get used to having commendable morals in everyday life so that everything goes according to the orders and prohibitions of Allah SWT.
Suggestion
As a student, it would be better if we studied material about morals from various sources, both from books and internet sites. So that later we will be easy to understand and we will be easier in writing papers in the future. In writing this paper we are aware of the many shortcomings and errors in the delivery and writing of sentences. Therefore, we as the authors of this paper ask for criticism and suggestions so that in the future we can write this paper well.
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